2025/01/31

2025-01-31 00:04:43 +0100weary-traveler(~user@user/user363627) user363627
2025-01-31 00:06:53 +0100 <glguy> My favorite Data. misuse is Data.Kind
2025-01-31 00:07:03 +0100 <tomsmeding> (re mechanisms to resolve ambiguity: https://downloads.haskell.org/ghc/latest/docs/users_guide/exts/package_qualified_imports.html#exte… )
2025-01-31 00:09:21 +0100merijn(~merijn@host-vr.cgnat-g.v4.dfn.nl) merijn
2025-01-31 00:10:58 +0100 <dminuoso> Relatedly https://downloads.haskell.org/ghc/latest/docs/users_guide/packages.html#package-thinning-and-renam…
2025-01-31 00:11:36 +0100 <dminuoso> Unsure how controllable that is via cabal-install
2025-01-31 00:12:28 +0100 <geekosaur> "mixins" should handle both
2025-01-31 00:12:53 +0100eL_Bart0(eL_Bart0@dietunichtguten.org) (Ping timeout: 245 seconds)
2025-01-31 00:13:43 +0100merijn(~merijn@host-vr.cgnat-g.v4.dfn.nl) (Ping timeout: 245 seconds)
2025-01-31 00:14:40 +0100alfiee(~alfiee@user/alfiee) alfiee
2025-01-31 00:14:57 +0100ljdarj(~Thunderbi@user/ljdarj) (Ping timeout: 248 seconds)
2025-01-31 00:18:50 +0100 <dminuoso> A while ago transformers has received these nice diagrams to visualize what the respective transformers do: https://hackage.haskell.org/package/transformers-0.6.1.2/docs/Control-Monad-Trans-Writer-CPS.html
2025-01-31 00:19:06 +0100alfiee(~alfiee@user/alfiee) (Ping timeout: 252 seconds)
2025-01-31 00:19:09 +0100 <dminuoso> We're just missing a diagram for Cont. Cant be that hard, right? :-)
2025-01-31 00:19:28 +0100 <geekosaur> i,i "Cont be that hard"
2025-01-31 00:19:37 +0100 <dminuoso> Heh.
2025-01-31 00:21:02 +0100 <EvanR> haskell is famous for laissez faire programming. Terrible I'm outta here
2025-01-31 00:21:02 +0100 <int-e> please pass all the details to `const "I don't want to hear it."`
2025-01-31 00:21:15 +0100 <EvanR> looking for a language for more bondage and discipline
2025-01-31 00:22:30 +0100 <geekosaur> surely there's an appropriate DT language
2025-01-31 00:23:03 +0100rstromlund(~user@user/rstromlund) (Ping timeout: 252 seconds)
2025-01-31 00:24:45 +0100merijn(~merijn@host-vr.cgnat-g.v4.dfn.nl) merijn
2025-01-31 00:28:15 +0100Smiles(uid551636@id-551636.lymington.irccloud.com) Smiles
2025-01-31 00:31:37 +0100merijn(~merijn@host-vr.cgnat-g.v4.dfn.nl) (Ping timeout: 265 seconds)
2025-01-31 00:31:59 +0100haskellbridge(~hackager@syn-024-093-192-219.res.spectrum.com) (Remote host closed the connection)
2025-01-31 00:32:46 +0100haskellbridge(~hackager@syn-024-093-192-219.res.spectrum.com) hackager
2025-01-31 00:32:46 +0100ChanServ+v haskellbridge
2025-01-31 00:35:39 +0100 <monochrom> You know what, I have to understand Reader and Writer first before I understand those two diagrams.
2025-01-31 00:35:57 +0100xff0x(~xff0x@ai096095.d.east.v6connect.net) (Ping timeout: 252 seconds)
2025-01-31 00:36:07 +0100 <monochrom> And generally I have to understand bind first.
2025-01-31 00:37:39 +0100 <monochrom> But State is missing a diagram and that's a well-known diagram.
2025-01-31 00:38:06 +0100xff0x(~xff0x@2405:6580:b080:900:704:c9bd:a645:9b1d)
2025-01-31 00:38:22 +0100 <monochrom> Conjecture: Such a diagram exists iff the monad is of an algebraic effect. Cont is not an algebraic effect.
2025-01-31 00:42:48 +0100merijn(~merijn@host-vr.cgnat-g.v4.dfn.nl) merijn
2025-01-31 00:42:51 +0100sawilagar(~sawilagar@user/sawilagar) (Ping timeout: 252 seconds)
2025-01-31 00:44:14 +0100joeyadams(~joeyadams@syn-184-054-105-097.res.spectrum.com)
2025-01-31 00:46:35 +0100monochrom(trebla@216.138.220.146) (Ping timeout: 252 seconds)
2025-01-31 00:47:34 +0100merijn(~merijn@host-vr.cgnat-g.v4.dfn.nl) (Ping timeout: 260 seconds)
2025-01-31 00:49:59 +0100monochrom(trebla@216.138.220.146)
2025-01-31 00:52:02 +0100 <euouae> <https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Haskell/Understanding_monads/State> "A monad is sometimes described as providing a value in a context." -- this is very close to what I was thinking when I said monads are like state machines
2025-01-31 00:54:15 +0100 <dminuoso> euouae: Monads are an abstract interface.
2025-01-31 00:54:36 +0100 <dminuoso> Comparing them to anything concrete is, at best, just likening it to that specific instance, but that prevents you from seeing what monad is about.
2025-01-31 00:54:52 +0100 <int-e> now I want a burrito
2025-01-31 00:55:16 +0100merijn(~merijn@host-vr.cgnat-g.v4.dfn.nl) merijn
2025-01-31 00:57:25 +0100 <dminuoso> euouae: My best recommendation is to just not worry about what Monad means at all. `IO` is about side effects. `[]` is about lists. `Maybe` is about failure. `Either A` is about exceptions. Each example is trivial to explain to any beginner
2025-01-31 00:58:09 +0100 <dminuoso> Monad is just observing that all of these things have some pattern and laws in common. There's not really any inherent meaning to it
2025-01-31 00:58:40 +0100 <dminuoso> And if people stop trying to attach meaning to that word `Monad`, they get on learning Haskell much faster.
2025-01-31 00:58:45 +0100 <monochrom> I do not mind specific instances that may limit one's imagination because it is part of the learning process.
2025-01-31 00:59:48 +0100merijn(~merijn@host-vr.cgnat-g.v4.dfn.nl) (Ping timeout: 252 seconds)
2025-01-31 01:00:31 +0100rstromlund(~user@user/rstromlund) rstromlund
2025-01-31 01:00:41 +0100 <monochrom> Consider how "numbers" are taught beginning with natural numbers and, eventually, if you go to math grad school, ending with algebraic number fields. Not the other way round.
2025-01-31 01:01:00 +0100 <dminuoso> monochrom: Sure, but that particular wikibooks article is not about promoting any learning process.
2025-01-31 01:01:22 +0100 <dminuoso> If Monad tutorials started with just proclamining `Monads are just IO`, this would be a feasible strategy.
2025-01-31 01:01:44 +0100 <dminuoso> As you could gradually introduce more instances and different "flavours"
2025-01-31 01:02:54 +0100 <monochrom> That one I agree with you. It's the equivalent of a biology tutorial saying "natural selection is described as survival of fittest"
2025-01-31 01:04:03 +0100alfiee(~alfiee@user/alfiee) alfiee
2025-01-31 01:05:18 +0100rstromlund(~user@user/rstromlund) (Ping timeout: 252 seconds)
2025-01-31 01:08:34 +0100alfiee(~alfiee@user/alfiee) (Ping timeout: 260 seconds)
2025-01-31 01:08:58 +0100 <euouae> dminuoso: I'm not trying to summarize all monads or anything of the short, just to adopt a mental mode
2025-01-31 01:10:04 +0100 <dminuoso> euouae: Fair enough.
2025-01-31 01:10:25 +0100 <euouae> obviously it's both tiresome to manually typecheck everything when reading code & provides no intuition. the megaparsec code I saw earlier with a bunch of >>= inside a do was clear in what it was doing: it was combining a bunch of parser combinators, starting from some initial string-to-be-parsed, and outputted either a parsed data structure or parser error
2025-01-31 01:10:34 +0100 <dminuoso> The mental model I have settled on over the years is that `Monads` model sequencing.
2025-01-31 01:10:39 +0100merijn(~merijn@host-vr.cgnat-g.v4.dfn.nl) merijn
2025-01-31 01:10:43 +0100 <euouae> and it sort of occurred to me that a lot of uses of do/>>= are doing basically stuff like that
2025-01-31 01:11:39 +0100 <dminuoso> Though Im a flexible, and I have some alternate intuitions that I can switch to depending on the problem.
2025-01-31 01:12:02 +0100 <euouae> well sure, adopting just one is good enough for me. I'll adopt more if the need arises
2025-01-31 01:12:10 +0100down200(~down200@shell.lug.mtu.edu) (Ping timeout: 244 seconds)
2025-01-31 01:12:50 +0100 <dminuoso> euouae: [] seems to breaks a state machine viewpoint.
2025-01-31 01:13:12 +0100 <dminuoso> The monad instance of [] roughly models non-determinism (with a bit of squinting)
2025-01-31 01:13:19 +0100 <euouae> if you can elaborate?
2025-01-31 01:13:27 +0100monochrm(trebla@216.138.220.146)
2025-01-31 01:14:31 +0100 <dminuoso> (I say squinting because lists are not sets and have a bit more structure)
2025-01-31 01:15:11 +0100merijn(~merijn@host-vr.cgnat-g.v4.dfn.nl) (Ping timeout: 252 seconds)
2025-01-31 01:15:24 +0100monochrom(trebla@216.138.220.146) (Ping timeout: 260 seconds)
2025-01-31 01:15:24 +0100monochrmmonochrom
2025-01-31 01:15:52 +0100 <geekosaur> so, the list monad models a computation that gives you all possible solutions, whereas a Maybe version of the same computation gives you at most one solution (and can be thought of as "first solution, if any")
2025-01-31 01:17:35 +0100down200(~down200@shell.lug.mtu.edu) down200
2025-01-31 01:18:11 +0100 <dminuoso> euouae: Say if we imagine a chess computer, we could think of [move1, move2, move3, move4] as not a collection of possibilities, but rather some non-deterministic choice of *one* move.
2025-01-31 01:18:24 +0100ec(~ec@gateway/tor-sasl/ec) ec
2025-01-31 01:18:34 +0100 <dminuoso> And >>= lets you take a further non-determistic choice
2025-01-31 01:19:09 +0100 <euouae> Here's how lists are state machines: No input variable, only state; its output is the state. They compose funkily, but still.
2025-01-31 01:19:23 +0100 <geekosaur> as dminuoso said, it's acting as a "poor man's set" (for technical reasons we can't actually make a Set a Monad); all the answers are equally ranked, their position in the list isn't relevant
2025-01-31 01:19:52 +0100 <dminuoso> euouae: But its that *funkily* behavior that is the core essence of that instance.
2025-01-31 01:20:02 +0100 <euouae> It is no less a state machine however
2025-01-31 01:20:08 +0100 <euouae> a composable state machine, as I said above
2025-01-31 01:20:41 +0100 <euouae> anyway, it's been said that everything can be considered a state machine, it's just a mental mode I have... I'm just glad I put it to some test and it didn't immediately collapse
2025-01-31 01:20:44 +0100bitdex(~bitdex@gateway/tor-sasl/bitdex) bitdex
2025-01-31 01:21:37 +0100 <dminuoso> I mean if you insist on that state machine model, perhaps you could think of it as a non-deterministic state machine (along the lines of an NFA)
2025-01-31 01:22:08 +0100 <dminuoso> Im not sure about the exact mental gymnastics required to see the state machine, but thats probably because Im flexed very differently
2025-01-31 01:23:01 +0100geekosaurwonders if it's the same viewpoint used with the comonad
2025-01-31 01:23:07 +0100 <dminuoso> euouae: So here's why your state machine logic does not quite work out:
2025-01-31 01:23:18 +0100 <euouae> As long as I can squeeze real-world results from my intuition I'm not too bothered by its rough edges
2025-01-31 01:23:24 +0100 <dminuoso> euouae: `do x <- [1,2,3]; ...` -> how do you obtain the state?
2025-01-31 01:24:01 +0100 <dminuoso> The non-determinism approach has the benefit of accurately modelling non-deterministic algorithms.
2025-01-31 01:24:57 +0100 <dminuoso> In the above example, `x` represents some non-deterministic choice of [1,2,3]
2025-01-31 01:25:01 +0100 <euouae> In `do x <- [1,2,3];` you're getting a slice of that funky composability
2025-01-31 01:25:24 +0100 <dminuoso> euouae: But Im asking about where that state machine is. What's the state here?
2025-01-31 01:25:38 +0100 <euouae> now x <- [1,1,1] does not have enough information for you to distinguish one 1 from another 1, even though they're positionally different
2025-01-31 01:26:01 +0100 <euouae> I think I imagine state different from State or whatever
2025-01-31 01:26:02 +0100merijn(~merijn@host-vr.cgnat-g.v4.dfn.nl) merijn
2025-01-31 01:26:11 +0100 <euouae> The state is [1,2,3]
2025-01-31 01:26:41 +0100 <dminuoso> euouae: Thats only true in the sense that the program has to store [1,2,3], but that could be said about *any* computation of anything.
2025-01-31 01:27:03 +0100 <dminuoso> euouae: If we want to derive meaning of Monad, we must constrain to its interface
2025-01-31 01:27:05 +0100 <dminuoso> % :t pure
2025-01-31 01:27:06 +0100 <yahb2> pure :: Applicative f => a -> f a
2025-01-31 01:27:11 +0100 <dminuoso> % :t (>>=)
2025-01-31 01:27:11 +0100 <yahb2> (>>=) :: Monad m => m a -> (a -> m b) -> m b
2025-01-31 01:27:36 +0100 <dminuoso> If you cannot put your "state" into relationship with that interface, your intuition has nothing to do with Monad, but with something else.
2025-01-31 01:27:56 +0100 <dminuoso> These two functions, *together with some laws* are what Monad is. Nothing more, nothing less.
2025-01-31 01:28:08 +0100 <euouae> Like I said, it's matching some usual applications of Monad like the parser combinators
2025-01-31 01:28:25 +0100 <euouae> You want to content that it's not matching List. I agree, but at the same time, I am not too afraid to stretch my imagination and pretend it does
2025-01-31 01:28:40 +0100 <euouae> As long as I can get somewhere with megaparsec :P
2025-01-31 01:28:49 +0100 <euouae> anyway sorry for wasting your time... just thoughts
2025-01-31 01:28:50 +0100 <dminuoso> euouae: Your intuitoin is absolutely great for megaparsec.
2025-01-31 01:29:10 +0100 <dminuoso> But its not a good general intuition, it just does not work for list.
2025-01-31 01:30:37 +0100 <dminuoso> euouae: In fact, megaparsec under the hood could be thought of StateT and ExceptT wired together - thats state looks so fitting, because it *does* use a state monad internally.
2025-01-31 01:30:59 +0100 <euouae> What is the role of T in StateT? I haven't quite grasped that
2025-01-31 01:31:02 +0100 <dminuoso> (Internally it uses a different representation for performance reasons, miond you)
2025-01-31 01:31:04 +0100merijn(~merijn@host-vr.cgnat-g.v4.dfn.nl) (Ping timeout: 272 seconds)
2025-01-31 01:31:12 +0100 <euouae> I haven't seen any examples either. I know a monad goes there, but State has it to be Identity
2025-01-31 01:31:25 +0100 <hololeap> it stands for "transformer"
2025-01-31 01:33:18 +0100 <dminuoso> euouae: And perhaps, for IO the state notion is not too shabby either as a first try by the way, if we think of the "real world" being the state. This is an intuition I can easily prove wrong, but I think I would rob you of some valuable learning process as monochrom as pointed out earlier.
2025-01-31 01:33:43 +0100 <dminuoso> Given that you could just `launchMissiles` and change the state of the real world with IO.
2025-01-31 01:34:33 +0100 <hololeap> I can't remember how to do 'unmtl' in #haskell
2025-01-31 01:34:34 +0100 <euouae> I'm not sure what you mean by proving it wrong
2025-01-31 01:34:55 +0100 <euouae> Is IO not a state
2025-01-31 01:35:03 +0100 <dminuoso> euouae: There's a bunch of things you can do in IO that... isnt quite about changing the real world.
2025-01-31 01:35:22 +0100 <dminuoso> Or you would need to do some more gymnastics.
2025-01-31 01:35:25 +0100 <hololeap> IO being (State RealWorld a) is more of a mental model
2025-01-31 01:35:44 +0100 <dminuoso> euouae: I dont want discredit this particular intuition, because I think it *is* a good starting point
2025-01-31 01:36:12 +0100 <dminuoso> Just like we teach newtonian physics in school, despite general relativity being more accurate.
2025-01-31 01:37:03 +0100 <dminuoso> euouae: Anyhow. Do try to build the state intuition around `>>=` and `pure` - and then test it in the future.
2025-01-31 01:37:19 +0100 <euouae> yup. thank you
2025-01-31 01:37:24 +0100 <euouae> but what is transformer?
2025-01-31 01:37:49 +0100 <dminuoso> euouae: If we think of Monads not as "state" but as some generalized idea of effects, then transformers lets us combine different effects.
2025-01-31 01:37:53 +0100 <euouae> With a State I know I have a 'state processor' and an 'output value' but what is the transformer for?
2025-01-31 01:37:55 +0100 <dminuoso> THat may or may not make any sense to you.
2025-01-31 01:38:20 +0100 <dminuoso> euouae: StateT allows you to drag some state around, while ExceptT allows you to throw exceptions.
2025-01-31 01:38:33 +0100 <geekosaur> so, StateT doesn't just model state; it adds state to something. It transforms something else by adding state to it
2025-01-31 01:38:35 +0100 <dminuoso> Them being transformers means you can layer them ontop of each other, giving you a Monad that has both state *and* exceptions.
2025-01-31 01:39:00 +0100 <dminuoso> And if you add ListT (which adds non-determinism), you could have non-determinism, state and exceptions
2025-01-31 01:39:17 +0100 <dminuoso> ANd you can layer it over IO to have state, non-determinism, exceptions and real world nuclear missile effects.
2025-01-31 01:40:04 +0100 <dminuoso> euouae: Lets pick a more concrete examplee:
2025-01-31 01:40:29 +0100 <dminuoso> euouae: Your megaparsec parser can run either in pure mode, or it can run together with IO.
2025-01-31 01:40:55 +0100 <dminuoso> If you use it together with IO, you can interleave your parser with IO - say print statements or database calls
2025-01-31 01:41:14 +0100 <dminuoso> The reason you can do this, is because all this parsing effect is in a transformer ParsecT which you can layer over any other monad.
2025-01-31 01:41:25 +0100merijn(~merijn@host-vr.cgnat-g.v4.dfn.nl) merijn
2025-01-31 01:41:46 +0100 <dminuoso> If you dont want IO, you can just layer it over `Identity`, which is sort of the "does nothing monad", giving you just the parsing effects.
2025-01-31 01:42:06 +0100 <dminuoso> https://hackage.haskell.org/package/megaparsec-9.7.0/docs/Text-Megaparsec.html#t:Parsec
2025-01-31 01:42:13 +0100 <dminuoso> type Parsec e s = ParsecT e s Identity
2025-01-31 01:43:15 +0100 <dminuoso> You can also use `ParsecT e s IO`, then you can suddenly do `liftIO (putStrLn "Hello world")` in the middle of your parser. Note, that because megaparsec will do backtracking this will have some interesting/strange behavior... which is non-determinism in fact.
2025-01-31 01:43:29 +0100 <dminuoso> (Assuming you use `try` of course)
2025-01-31 01:44:15 +0100 <euouae> right
2025-01-31 01:44:32 +0100 <euouae> I'm going to assume that it'll leak out the details of try
2025-01-31 01:45:16 +0100monochrm(trebla@216.138.220.146)
2025-01-31 01:45:40 +0100 <euouae> I think my composable state machine intuition is running into trouble with StateT. Transformers seem like a different beast, I'll have to think about it more.
2025-01-31 01:45:55 +0100 <euouae> But your example is very helpful, to keep in mind pure computation / IO stuff inside parsing
2025-01-31 01:46:00 +0100merijn(~merijn@host-vr.cgnat-g.v4.dfn.nl) (Ping timeout: 252 seconds)
2025-01-31 01:46:29 +0100monochrom(trebla@216.138.220.146) (Ping timeout: 260 seconds)
2025-01-31 01:46:30 +0100monochrmmonochrom
2025-01-31 01:48:52 +0100mange(~user@user/mange) mange
2025-01-31 01:48:53 +0100 <dminuoso> euouae: One last thing: That "funky composition" you talked about, that's where the monad lies. :-)
2025-01-31 01:49:18 +0100 <dminuoso> Just keep that thought mind for the future
2025-01-31 01:49:55 +0100 <dminuoso> % :t join
2025-01-31 01:49:55 +0100 <yahb2> <interactive>:1:1: error: [GHC-88464] Variable not in scope: join
2025-01-31 01:50:01 +0100 <dminuoso> % import Control.Monad
2025-01-31 01:50:01 +0100 <yahb2> <no output>
2025-01-31 01:50:03 +0100 <dminuoso> % :t join
2025-01-31 01:50:03 +0100 <yahb2> join :: Monad m => m (m a) -> m a
2025-01-31 01:50:58 +0100 <dminuoso> euouae: This is an alternate description of (>>=), and it perhaps visualizes nicely that there's a sort of composition idea going on.
2025-01-31 01:51:10 +0100 <dminuoso> Anyway. This was just meant as a teaser.
2025-01-31 01:51:47 +0100rstromlund(~user@user/rstromlund) rstromlund
2025-01-31 01:52:28 +0100alfiee(~alfiee@user/alfiee) alfiee
2025-01-31 01:52:40 +0100 <int-e> @djinn ((((a -> r) -> r) -> r) -> r) -> (a -> r) -> r
2025-01-31 01:52:41 +0100 <lambdabot> f a b = a (\ c -> c b)
2025-01-31 01:53:06 +0100acidjnk_new3(~acidjnk@p200300d6e7283f4679216c0ad7f4b91d.dip0.t-ipconnect.de) (Ping timeout: 246 seconds)
2025-01-31 01:54:15 +0100xff0x(~xff0x@2405:6580:b080:900:704:c9bd:a645:9b1d) (Ping timeout: 276 seconds)
2025-01-31 01:56:36 +0100alfiee(~alfiee@user/alfiee) (Ping timeout: 246 seconds)
2025-01-31 01:56:40 +0100rstromlund(~user@user/rstromlund) (Ping timeout: 265 seconds)
2025-01-31 01:56:47 +0100merijn(~merijn@host-vr.cgnat-g.v4.dfn.nl) merijn
2025-01-31 02:01:09 +0100merijn(~merijn@host-vr.cgnat-g.v4.dfn.nl) (Ping timeout: 246 seconds)
2025-01-31 02:02:24 +0100joeyadams(~joeyadams@syn-184-054-105-097.res.spectrum.com) (Quit: Leaving)
2025-01-31 02:03:12 +0100 <hololeap> @unmtl StateT Int IO String
2025-01-31 02:03:12 +0100 <lambdabot> Int -> IO (String, Int)
2025-01-31 02:03:18 +0100 <hololeap> nice, there we go
2025-01-31 02:12:12 +0100sprotte24(~sprotte24@p200300d16f0f520069bfd2b9cee1df34.dip0.t-ipconnect.de) (Quit: Leaving)
2025-01-31 02:12:20 +0100merijn(~merijn@host-vr.cgnat-g.v4.dfn.nl) merijn
2025-01-31 02:16:32 +0100merijn(~merijn@host-vr.cgnat-g.v4.dfn.nl) (Ping timeout: 244 seconds)
2025-01-31 02:18:49 +0100rstromlund(~user@user/rstromlund) rstromlund
2025-01-31 02:20:44 +0100otto_s(~user@p5b0441ee.dip0.t-ipconnect.de) (Ping timeout: 260 seconds)
2025-01-31 02:22:30 +0100otto_s(~user@p5de2fd05.dip0.t-ipconnect.de)
2025-01-31 02:24:26 +0100monochrm(trebla@216.138.220.146)
2025-01-31 02:25:58 +0100monochrom(trebla@216.138.220.146) (Ping timeout: 252 seconds)
2025-01-31 02:25:58 +0100monochrmmonochrom
2025-01-31 02:26:00 +0100bitdex(~bitdex@gateway/tor-sasl/bitdex) (Ping timeout: 264 seconds)
2025-01-31 02:27:42 +0100merijn(~merijn@host-vr.cgnat-g.v4.dfn.nl) merijn
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2025-01-31 02:34:34 +0100merijn(~merijn@host-vr.cgnat-g.v4.dfn.nl) merijn
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2025-01-31 03:06:03 +0100mikess(~mikess@user/mikess) mikess
2025-01-31 03:09:17 +0100 <euouae> why is `State s a` but `state :: a -> (a, s)`? the order is reversed
2025-01-31 03:09:41 +0100 <euouae> sorry, I mean, state :: Monad m => (s -> (a, s)) -> StateT s m a
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2025-01-31 03:33:37 +0100Tikosh(~quassel@user/Tikosh) Tikosh
2025-01-31 03:34:24 +0100alfiee(~alfiee@user/alfiee) (Ping timeout: 260 seconds)
2025-01-31 03:35:43 +0100 <Tikosh> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qu0wtz6Z5RY
2025-01-31 03:35:50 +0100 <Tikosh> oh sorry
2025-01-31 03:35:56 +0100 <Tikosh> i thought this was gentoo-chat
2025-01-31 03:36:00 +0100 <Tikosh> excuse me
2025-01-31 03:43:07 +0100merijn(~merijn@host-vr.cgnat-g.v4.dfn.nl) merijn
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2025-01-31 04:25:04 +0100 <monochrom> hololeap: @unmtl StateT s (ContT r IO) a
2025-01-31 04:25:10 +0100 <monochrom> @unmtl StateT s (ContT r IO) a
2025-01-31 04:25:10 +0100 <lambdabot> s -> (a -> s -> IO r) -> IO r
2025-01-31 04:27:20 +0100merijn(~merijn@host-vr.cgnat-g.v4.dfn.nl) (Ping timeout: 252 seconds)
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2025-01-31 04:31:25 +0100 <monochrom> The connection between the [] monad and state machines is at best this little: from the [] monad get the corresponding Kleisli arrow, then that would be nondeterministic state transition functions, i.e., of the form S -> [S].
2025-01-31 04:32:34 +0100 <monochrom> But that is as quaint as saying: endofunctions S -> S "Is" deterministic state machines just because deterministic state transition functions are of the form S->S. Clearly, in both cases, you are still missing out on: Who is the initial state? Who are accept states?
2025-01-31 04:33:07 +0100 <monochrom> I cannot accept (pun!) the confused conflation between state transition functions and state machines.
2025-01-31 04:34:50 +0100 <monochrom> It's like saying that Int is (Int, Char) because Int is one field of (Int, Char).
2025-01-31 04:38:04 +0100merijn(~merijn@host-vr.cgnat-g.v4.dfn.nl) merijn
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2025-01-31 05:01:44 +0100monochrm(trebla@216.138.220.146)
2025-01-31 05:01:50 +0100 <euouae> so if you talk about state transition functions do you accept that monads are just composable state transition functions?
2025-01-31 05:01:57 +0100 <euouae> and i.e. it applies to lists?
2025-01-31 05:02:11 +0100 <euouae> as far as I can tell when you speak of the kleisli arrow you're just talking about lists of lists etc
2025-01-31 05:03:38 +0100monochrom(trebla@216.138.220.146) (Ping timeout: 252 seconds)
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2025-01-31 05:05:17 +0100 <monochrom> S->[S] is not list of list.
2025-01-31 05:06:45 +0100alfiee(~alfiee@user/alfiee) alfiee
2025-01-31 05:06:47 +0100 <euouae> sure, [S]->[[S]] etc
2025-01-31 05:06:58 +0100 <monochrom> And I don't see in what sense A -> Cont R A is state transition function.
2025-01-31 05:07:28 +0100 <euouae> I'm not sure I follow but it's ok don't worry. I'm just doing some easy challenges on leetcode to get a grip on Haskell
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2025-01-31 07:36:58 +0100CiaoSen(~Jura@2a05:5800:263:8800:ca4b:d6ff:fec1:99da) CiaoSen
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2025-01-31 07:47:37 +0100 <euouae> heh, cool. I didn't expect to use the State monad so soon after I learned about it but the leetcode problem needed a list of primes
2025-01-31 07:47:44 +0100 <euouae> and I implemented eratosthenes sieve: <https://paste.tomsmeding.com/vm6F8jXA>
2025-01-31 07:48:19 +0100 <euouae> I'm happy with how this turned out, looks very natural
2025-01-31 07:48:36 +0100 <euouae> I couldn't figure out if it could be done with list comprehension
2025-01-31 07:52:03 +0100anpad(~pandeyan@user/anpad) anpad
2025-01-31 07:54:35 +0100 <ski> cycle [x] = repeat x
2025-01-31 07:54:59 +0100 <ski> you could just pass on the filtered list in an accumulator parameter of a recursive function
2025-01-31 07:55:28 +0100merijn(~merijn@host-vr.cgnat-g.v4.dfn.nl) merijn
2025-01-31 08:01:09 +0100AlexNoo_(~AlexNoo@5.139.233.186)
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2025-01-31 08:05:23 +0100 <euouae> that's true, but then how do you produce the infinite list? like (x : f rest)?
2025-01-31 08:06:03 +0100AlexZenon(~alzenon@5.139.233.186)
2025-01-31 08:07:58 +0100 <dminuoso> euouae │ why is `State s a` but `state :: a -> (a, s)`? the order is reversed
2025-01-31 08:08:05 +0100anpad(~pandeyan@user/anpad) (Quit: ZNC 1.8.2 - https://znc.in)
2025-01-31 08:08:29 +0100 <dminuoso> The type order is often influenced by typeclasses you want to satisfy.
2025-01-31 08:08:47 +0100 <euouae> right, for State. but why state?
2025-01-31 08:09:23 +0100 <dminuoso> So consider `instance Functor (State s)`, we cannot write `instance Functor (State _ a)`, so we reorder the types accordingly.
2025-01-31 08:09:40 +0100 <dminuoso> Sorry, that second one should have read `instance Functor (State _ s)`
2025-01-31 08:10:20 +0100merijn(~merijn@host-vr.cgnat-g.v4.dfn.nl) merijn
2025-01-31 08:10:20 +0100 <dminuoso> euouae: So the order of arguments usually follows convenience with related functions.
2025-01-31 08:10:27 +0100 <dminuoso> And that can be quite subjective
2025-01-31 08:10:54 +0100 <dminuoso> Say you envision `state` to be used with `fmap` to map over the *state*, because that's how you (the author) like to use it, and assume others to frequently use it too.
2025-01-31 08:12:24 +0100anpad(~pandeyan@user/anpad) anpad
2025-01-31 08:12:31 +0100 <dminuoso> Since fmap on a 2-tuple maps over the second argument (which too has to do with the fact that we cant just have `instance Functor (a,)` but are forced to have `instance Functor (a,)` if we were allowed to write sections in type (we have to specify write it as `instance Functor ((,) a) in reality)
2025-01-31 08:13:22 +0100 <euouae> I'm actually not sure what fmap with state does, I'd have to think about it
2025-01-31 08:13:29 +0100 <euouae> but OK if fmap is one of the reasons then I can see it
2025-01-31 08:13:48 +0100 <dminuoso> Im not sure whether that was actually the reason, keep that in mind.
2025-01-31 08:14:20 +0100 <dminuoso> euouae: One other fact that often influence parameter order, is which parameters you expect to be partially applied.
2025-01-31 08:15:01 +0100merijn(~merijn@host-vr.cgnat-g.v4.dfn.nl) (Ping timeout: 248 seconds)
2025-01-31 08:15:33 +0100 <dminuoso> Say if you have `f :: S -> T -> A -> X`, and for some reason its likely you or other users will use it as `x (f s t)`, this is far more comfortable than writing `x (\a -> f a s t)`, so you turn things around to enable more point-free notation
2025-01-31 08:15:41 +0100 <glguy> The order is forced because it is intended to be a Monad
2025-01-31 08:15:54 +0100 <dminuoso> glguy: They meant why `state :: a -> (a, s)` in particular.
2025-01-31 08:16:10 +0100anpad(~pandeyan@user/anpad) (Client Quit)
2025-01-31 08:16:45 +0100 <glguy> The tuple order? There's no reason one way or the other and you can find implementations using both
2025-01-31 08:17:09 +0100 <dminuoso> Yeah. I guess no reason is also possible.
2025-01-31 08:17:10 +0100 <ski> euouae : "like (x : f rest)?" -- yes
2025-01-31 08:18:43 +0100 <dminuoso> glguy: In my experience the tuple order is usually picked based on how the author use fmap or sections with those tuples.
2025-01-31 08:18:53 +0100 <dminuoso> Which can be very subjective, still.
2025-01-31 08:20:01 +0100 <euouae> ski, isn't that less efficient?
2025-01-31 08:20:08 +0100 <ski> than what ?
2025-01-31 08:20:57 +0100 <euouae> than what I have, doesn't it get into N levels of stack frames?
2025-01-31 08:21:17 +0100 <ski> dunno what you mean
2025-01-31 08:21:21 +0100alfiee(~alfiee@user/alfiee) alfiee
2025-01-31 08:21:55 +0100 <ski> but doing `f ... = x : f (...)' is in general not inherently inefficient
2025-01-31 08:22:03 +0100 <dminuoso> In Haskell, anyway.
2025-01-31 08:22:14 +0100 <dminuoso> Or GHC Haskell, one should say.
2025-01-31 08:22:18 +0100 <euouae> I don't know how evaluation works in Haskell well enough to understand that, but (x : f rest) is not tail-called, right? It must have O(n) memory for n steps
2025-01-31 08:22:34 +0100 <euouae> on top of the O(n) for the list itself, so arguably doesn't matter
2025-01-31 08:22:34 +0100 <ski> it'll produce the result `x', and then, if you decide to ask for more elements, only then will the recursive call computation happen
2025-01-31 08:22:54 +0100 <dminuoso> euouae: In GHC Haskell, evaluation model works vastly different from traditional programming languages. We dont exactly push to a stack at the beginning of a function and pop at the end.
2025-01-31 08:22:55 +0100 <ski> it's incremental, rather than tail-calling
2025-01-31 08:23:21 +0100 <euouae> dminuoso: is there hope to understand it for non experts or is it too difficult?
2025-01-31 08:23:39 +0100 <ski> think of the list generated as an iterator, if you like
2025-01-31 08:23:58 +0100 <ski> the caller controls how much of it is materialized
2025-01-31 08:24:03 +0100 <euouae> Oh I understand that much (i.e. what you explained here ski), but in general to understand the Haskell evaluation
2025-01-31 08:24:13 +0100 <euouae> i.e. what happens under the hood via ghc
2025-01-31 08:24:32 +0100 <dminuoso> euouae: Imagine the program was kept *textually* as you wrote it, and evaluation is just substitution.
2025-01-31 08:24:42 +0100 <ski> GHC does lazy evaulation, meaning demand-driven, with caching of intermediate results
2025-01-31 08:25:00 +0100 <euouae> What does caching mean?
2025-01-31 08:25:31 +0100 <euouae> Why would it remember intermediate results? for what purpose?
2025-01-31 08:25:41 +0100merijn(~merijn@host-vr.cgnat-g.v4.dfn.nl) merijn
2025-01-31 08:25:42 +0100 <dminuoso> Consider `let x = <expensive computation> in (x, x)`
2025-01-31 08:25:54 +0100alfiee(~alfiee@user/alfiee) (Ping timeout: 260 seconds)
2025-01-31 08:26:07 +0100monochrm(trebla@216.138.220.146)
2025-01-31 08:26:09 +0100monochrom(trebla@216.138.220.146) (Ping timeout: 248 seconds)
2025-01-31 08:26:21 +0100 <euouae> okay right. hm...
2025-01-31 08:26:24 +0100monochrmmonochrom
2025-01-31 08:26:48 +0100 <ski> it means that in `let x = 2 * 2 in x + x', first the `x + x' starts to happen, then that demands the result of `x', so `2 * 2' happens, result `4'. now it *remembers* (caches) that `x' resulted in `4', so that when the second `x' in `x + x' is checked, it reuses the `4', to compute `4 + 4', rather than performing the multiplication twice
2025-01-31 08:27:05 +0100 <euouae> so about laziness, how exactly is it accomplished in ghc?
2025-01-31 08:27:21 +0100 <euouae> does it keep track of the source code instead of computing it? and just computes when necessary?
2025-01-31 08:27:22 +0100 <ski> same thing happens, if you define `f x = x + x', and then call `f (2 * 2)'
2025-01-31 08:27:44 +0100 <ski> "does it keep track of the source code" -- no
2025-01-31 08:27:51 +0100 <dminuoso> euouae: No, we encode the whole program into what we call a spineless tagless G-machine
2025-01-31 08:27:58 +0100 <dminuoso> Which is a very efficient way of programming to native code.
2025-01-31 08:28:04 +0100 <dminuoso> s/programming/translating/
2025-01-31 08:28:18 +0100 <dminuoso> euouae: Semantically you can imagine it kept the source code and just substituted.
2025-01-31 08:28:36 +0100 <dminuoso> With sharing whenever possible
2025-01-31 08:28:41 +0100 <euouae> <https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/wp-content/uploads/1992/04/spineless-tagless-gmachine.pdf> is a good intro to that?
2025-01-31 08:28:43 +0100 <euouae> I'm kind of curious
2025-01-31 08:28:45 +0100 <dminuoso> (Well not quite *whenever* ...)
2025-01-31 08:29:22 +0100 <dminuoso> euouae: Give it a try, and see how far you go. If your mind explodes, put the paper aside for a future read.
2025-01-31 08:29:33 +0100 <ski> @where lazy
2025-01-31 08:29:33 +0100 <lambdabot> "Lazy Evaluation of Haskell" by monochrom at <http://www.vex.net/~trebla/haskell/lazy.xhtml>; "The Incomplete Guide to Lazy Evaluation (in Haskell)" by apfelmus in 2015-03-07 at <https://apfelmus.
2025-01-31 08:29:33 +0100 <lambdabot> nfshost.com/articles/lazy-eval.html>; "Laziness, strictness, guarded recursion" by bitemyapp at <https://github.com/bitemyapp/learnhaskell/blob/master/specific_topics.md#user-content-laziness-
2025-01-31 08:29:33 +0100 <lambdabot> strictness-guarded-recursion>
2025-01-31 08:29:39 +0100 <ski> check that first
2025-01-31 08:29:47 +0100 <euouae> firstlink or all?
2025-01-31 08:30:04 +0100 <ski> first link
2025-01-31 08:30:26 +0100 <euouae> Alright, thank you. I've got some cool stuff for the days ahead.
2025-01-31 08:30:34 +0100merijn(~merijn@host-vr.cgnat-g.v4.dfn.nl) (Ping timeout: 260 seconds)
2025-01-31 08:31:23 +0100 <dminuoso> euouae: Ultimately we can achieve very good performance with our approach, sometimes comparable to C++ or Rust with careful programming (though to be honest even those languages require careful treatment to obtain optimal performance). STG is *that* good.
2025-01-31 08:33:12 +0100monochrm(trebla@216.138.220.146)
2025-01-31 08:33:25 +0100 <dminuoso> (Though GHC has a lot of other tricks up its sleeve to make that possible, so its not just STG)
2025-01-31 08:35:15 +0100monochrom(trebla@216.138.220.146) (Ping timeout: 244 seconds)
2025-01-31 08:35:15 +0100monochrmmonochrom
2025-01-31 08:37:44 +0100Smiles(uid551636@id-551636.lymington.irccloud.com) Smiles
2025-01-31 08:40:00 +0100 <euouae> neat, it's probably beyond what I can grasp but it's probably still worth looking into
2025-01-31 08:41:03 +0100merijn(~merijn@host-vr.cgnat-g.v4.dfn.nl) merijn
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2025-01-31 08:49:36 +0100euouae(~euouae@user/euouae) ()
2025-01-31 08:51:27 +0100 <dminuoso> % fromIntegral (0xffffff :: Word16) :: Word8
2025-01-31 08:51:27 +0100 <yahb2> <interactive>:97:15: warning: [GHC-97441] [-Woverflowed-literals] ; Literal 16777215 is out of the Word16 range 0..65535 ; ; 255
2025-01-31 08:51:52 +0100Square(~Square@user/square) (Ping timeout: 272 seconds)
2025-01-31 08:52:03 +0100 <dminuoso> I'm staring at some Haskell code that explicitly masks with 0xff before fromIntegral, is that strictly necessary or can I rely on truncation like this?
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2025-01-31 10:06:35 +0100 <c_wraith> depends on the type you're coming from, as it's going to depend on how fromInteger is implemented
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2025-01-31 10:24:40 +0100 <c_wraith> err. that's backwards. The type you're coming from provides the toInteger implementation, which should always be exact. fromInteger depends on the destination type.
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2025-01-31 10:47:59 +0100 <tomsmeding> dminuoso: what are the source and destination types? :p
2025-01-31 10:48:17 +0100 <tomsmeding> oh the destination type is Word8? then what c_wraith said
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